Human Activity Detection Methods


 Monitor human activity for security, profit or senior health monitoring


 Microsoft Knect

 Initially bundled with the Xbox360 and later made available for PC for more utilitarian purposes.

 Wikipedia

A Virtual Dressing Mirror was a common commercial Kinect
This demo was posted by a Chinese company in 2017, they must be using a different sensor system.



 The first Kinect for Windows device as of 2015
 Kinect for Windows v2 was also discontinued in 2015
 Kinect for Xbox One was discontinued in October 2017
Microsoft reportedly confirmed that it has ended production for the Kinect’s USB adapter 1/2018

There are used Kinect units sold at thrift stores, I have seen batches of unknown condition units sold in bulk on Ebay (often the rotater gears are stripped) .  Leaving one to obtain the software.

 Kinect is back but different



The new Kinect targeting Internet of Things applications is the Azure Kinect using updated sensor technology.  $399, pre-orders are slated to ship on June 27, 2019

Microsoft Kinect lives on as a new sensor package for Azure

Some specifications and videos.




 -------------------------------


 WiFi CSI (mentioned by a new attendee)

It's real (and not about crime scenes)

from:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_state_information

(CSI) refers to known channel properties of a communication link. This information describes how a signal propagates from the transmitter to the receiver and represents the combined effect of, for example, scattering, fading, and power decay with distance. The method is called Channel estimation. The CSI makes it possible to adapt transmissions to current channel conditions...

Below are some academic papers you can consult.



 BIGGEST NEWS:   
Atheros CSI Tool appears to work with a lot of hardware, including numerous routers. 



Great collection: citations of 442 related publications, many recent



Detailed paper:
Indoor Motion Detection Using Wi-Fi Channel State Information in Flat Floor Environments Versus in Staircase Environments.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6068568/


Quick Graphic Demonstration of CSI Human Activity Measurement  2015

Downloadable paper by the video's presenter Wei Wang
Understanding and Modeling of WiFi Signal Based Human Activity  76 page PDF



 Introduction to CSI and MIMO Antennas


Human Activity Detection Using WiFi Signals and Deep Networks - lengthy 1:18 lecture video



A Survey of Human Activity Recognition Using WiFi CSI   PDF Downloadable
  IEEE COMMUNICATION MAGAZINE, DRAFT

Deep CSI Learning for Gait Biometric Sensing and Recognition  -  packed 6 page PDF  2019


Using Wi-Fi Channel State Information (CSI) for Human Activity - PDF Download Link
THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver)  April 2018   - Abstract & index only



 The Effects of Housing Environments on the Performance of Activity-Recognition Systems Using Wi-Fi Channel State Information: An Exploratory Study   17 pages  2019



----- CSI Tools ----

** Atheros CSI Tool - Lots of devices - page lists academics' 2015-2018 papers involving this tool

Atheros CSI: Compatible Hardware notes  mostly pci cards, Some System on Chips used in Routers are noted.            List of hardware using OpenWRT system

 Identified CSI compatible models:
Atheros AR93xx, AR94xx, and AR95xx CPUs are all capable of CSI extraction

Parsing the Firmware Downloads page  I used the CPU column filter to determine:
Atheros AR93XX matched 113 with firmware install available   (found none with AR94, AR95 filter)

SEE LIST OF AVAILABLE ROUTER MAKES AND MODELS AT BOTTOM OF PAGE
   
 OpenWRT for embeeded system instructions

 (Arduino YUN using Linino is a candidate for more challenging pioneering coding.)



Linux 802.11n CSI Tool  built on the Intel Wi-Fi Wireless Link 5300 802.11n MIMO radios


"nexmon"  extracts CSI info, using the BCM4339 Wi-Fi chip of Nexus 5 smartphones
(Xperia Z1 / Z2, LG G2, LG G Flex, Samsung Galaxy Note 3 will also work with Nexmon)

devices that use BCM4330 can use bcmon.      2013, a lifetime ago in cell phone terms.
(Tested with:  GS 1 - Cyanogen 7, GS 2 - Cyanogen 9 & 10, Nexus One - Cyanogen 7, Nexus 7 - Cyanogen 9)

(Raspberry Pi 3 uses BCM2837,  Pi 3B+, 3A+ use BCM2837B0,  No CSI references were found )


 Atheros CSI Tool   open source 802, uses SWAN: Stitched Wi-Fi ANtennas

 extracting CSI information from commercial Atheros WiFi NIC

 Gesture Recognition using CSI TOOL

 wifi fall detection


Channel State Information, Optimum Power Allocation - Video  50:00



-------------------------------------------


Atheros CSI Tool    OpenWRT firmware compatible Routers (I believe)     
     
          
Available Firmware installs for Atheros AR93XX cpu

      Brand               Model              
     
1     Aerohive            AP121                                  
2     ALFA Network        Tube2H                                 
3     ALFA Network        Hornet-UB / AP121 / AP121U             
4     ALFA Network        AP120C                                 
5     ALFA Network        Tube2HP-F                              
6     Bitmain             Antrouter R1                           
7     Bitmain             Antminer S1                            
8     Bitmain             Antminer S3                            
9     D-Link              DIR-615             I1                 
10    D-Link              DIR-615             I3                 
11    D-Link              DIR-825             C1                 
12    D-Link              DIR-835             A1                 
13    D-Link              DHP-1565                               
14    Devolo              dLAN pro 1200+ WiFi ac                 
15    EasyLink            M-150                                  
16    EasyLink            M-mini                                 
17    Embedded Wireless   Dorin Platform      Rev 1.2            
18    EnGenius            ENS202EXT           1.0.0              
19    EnGenius            EAP300              v2                 
20    GL.iNet             6408A               v1.0               
21    GL.iNet             6416A               v1.0               
22    Mercury             MAC1200R            v1.1               
23    Mercury             MW4530R             v1                 
24    MikroTik            RB951G-2HnD                            
25    MikroTik            RB951Ui-2HnD                           
26    MikroTik            RB2011                                 
27    MikroTik            RB2011UiAS-2HnD-IN                     
28    MikroTik            RB912UAG-2HPnD                         
29    MikroTik            LHG 5                                  
30    MikroTik            RBSXT5nDr2 (SXT Lite 5)                
31    MikroTik            RB911-2Hn (911 Lite2)                  
32    MikroTik            RB911-5Hn (911 Lite5)                  
33    MikroTik            RBSXT2nDr3 (SXT Lite 2)                
34    MikroTik            RB912UAG-5HPnd                         
35    MikroTik            RB911G-2HPnD                           
36    MikroTik            RB911G-5HPnD                           
37    Netgear             R6100                                  
38    Netgear             WNDR3700            v4                 
39    Netgear             WNDR4300            v1                 
40    OMYlink             OMY-G1                                 
41    OMYlink             OMY-X1                                 
42    Onion               Omega                                  
43    Open-Mesh           MR600                                  
44    Open-Mesh           OM5P                                   
45    OpenEmbed           SOM9331             v1                 
46    PISEN               TS-D084                                
47    PowerCloud Systems  CAP324                                 
48    Qihoo hardware      C301                                   
49    Teltonika           RUT900                                 
50    TP-Link             TL-MR3040           v2                 
51    TP-Link             TL-WA801ND          v2                 
52    TP-Link             TL-WA830RE          v2                 
53    TP-Link             TL-WA850RE          v1                 
54    TP-Link             TL-WDR4300          1.0, 1.1, 1.2,
55    TP-Link             TL-WR710N           v1.2 (EU)          
56    TP-Link             TL-WR710N           v2.0 (EU)          
57    TP-Link             TL-WR710N           v2.1 (EU)          
58    TP-Link             TL-WR720N           v3 (CN)            
59    TP-Link             TL-WR720N           v4 (CN)            
60    TP-Link             TL-WR740N           v4.20, v4.21, v
61    TP-Link             TL-WR740N           v5 (EU)            
62    TP-Link             TL-WR741ND          v5                 
63    TP-Link             TL-WR941ND          v5                 
64    TP-Link             TL-WR1041N          v2                 
65    TP-Link             TL-WR1041ND         v2                 
66    TP-Link             TL-WR710N           v1.0 (US)          
67    TP-Link             TL-WR740N           v4.23, v4.24
68    TP-Link             TL-WR842ND          v2                 
69    TP-Link             TL-MR11U            v2                 
70    TP-Link             TL-WR843ND          v1                 
71    TP-Link             TL-MR10U            v1                 
72    TP-Link             TL-MR11U            v1                 
73    TP-Link             TL-MR12U            v1                 
74    TP-Link             TL-MR13U            v1                 
75    TP-Link             TL-MR3020           v1                 
76    TP-Link             TL-MR3040           v1                 
77    TP-Link             TL-MR3220           v2                 
78    TP-Link             TL-MR3420           v2, v2.1, v2.2,
79    TP-Link             TL-WA701ND          v2.x               
80    TP-Link             TL-WA750RE          v1                 
81    TP-Link             TL-WA860RE          v1 (EU)            
82    TP-Link             TL-WA901ND          v3                 
83    TP-Link             TL-WDR3320          v2                 
84    TP-Link             TL-WDR3500          v1                 
85    TP-Link             TL-WDR3600          1.1, 1.2, 1.3,
86    TP-Link             TL-WDR4310          v1.0               
87    TP-Link             TL-WR703N           v1                 
88    TP-Link             TL-WR710N           v1.1 (EU)          
89    TP-Link             TL-WR741ND          v4.x               
90    TP-Link             TL-WR841N(D)        v8                 
91    TP-Link             EAP120                                 
92    TP-Link             TL-WR941N           v6 (CN)            
93    TP-Link             TL-WR940N           v2                 
94    TP-Link             TL-WR847N           v8                 
95    TP-Link             WBS210              v1                 
96    TP-Link             WBS510              v1                 
97    TP-Link             CPE510              v1                 
98    TP-Link             CPE210              v1                 
99    TRENDnet            TEW-732BR           1.0R               
100   Ubiquiti            AirGateway                             
101   Ubiquiti            NanoStation Loco M5 xw                 
102   Ubiquiti            NanoStation M5 xw                      
103   Ubiquiti            NanoBeam M5                            
104   Ubiquiti            UniFi AP PRO                           
105   Ubiquiti            AirGateway Pro (AMG-PRO)               
106   Ubiquiti            Litebeam M5                            
107   Ubiquiti            LiteBeam 5AC 16 120                    
108   Ubiquiti            PowerBeam M5-400                       
109   Ubiquiti            PowerBeam M2-400                       
110   Ubiquiti            NanoStation loco M2 (XW)               
111   Wallys              DR342                                  
112   Western Digital     My Net N600                            
113   Western Digital     My Net N750                            





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